Chocolate Toxicity in Dogs

(by talktothevet.com)

We've all heard it, "Don't give your dog chocolate it will kill him". We'll how true is it, you're probably wondering. Do I have to rush him to an emergency vet if he ate one of my M&M's?

The truth is chocolate contains theobromine that is toxic to dogs in sufficient quantities. This is a compound in the same family of caffeine.

Toxic Levels
The good news is that it takes, on average, a fairly large amount of theobromine 100-150 mg/kg to cause a toxic reaction. Although there are variables to consider like the individual sensitivity, animal size and chocolate concentration.

On average:

• Milk chocolate contains 44 mg of theobromine per oz.
• Semisweet chocolate contains 150mg/oz.
• Baker's chocolate 390mg/oz.
• The toxic dose, therefore, comes out roughly as:
• 1 ounce per 1 pound of body weight for Milk chocolate
• 1 ounce per 3 pounds of body weight for Semisweet chocolate
• 1 ounce per 9 pounds of body weight for Baker's chocolate.

So, for example, 2 oz. of Baker's chocolate can cause great risk to a 15 lb. dog. Yet, 2 oz. of Milk chocolate usually will only cause digestive problems.

Clinical Signs
Xanthines affect the nervous system, cardiovascular system and peripheral nerves. It has a diuretic effect as well. Clinical signs:

• Hyper excitability
• Hyper irritability
• Increased heart rate
• Restlessness
• Increased urination
• Muscle tremors
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea

Treatment

There is no specific antidote for this poisoning. And the half life of the toxin is 17.5 hours in dogs. Induce vomiting in the first 1-2 hours if the quantity is unknown. Administering activated charcoal may inhibit absorption of the toxin. An anticonvulsant might be indicated if neurological signs are present and needs to be controlled. Oxygen therapy, intravenous medications, and fluids might be needed to protect the heart.

Milk chocolate will often cause diarrhea 12-24 hours after ingestion. This should be treated symptomatically (fluids, etc.) to prevent dehydration.

If you suspect your pet has ingested chocolate contact your Vet immediately! They can help you determine the proper treatment for your pet.